• Our study like that of

  2023-12-11

  

  Our study, like that of Zill et al. (2012) included European Caucasians, although their population was much smaller (n=162) and more heterogeneous (19–72years). Further, potential confounding or effect modification by other health, lifestyle or genetic factors was not considered. These differences m

• In summary the role of HT and differe

  2023-12-11

  

  In summary, the role of 5-HT and different types of 5-HTRs in gating plasticity induction in neocortical circuits remains unclear, with variable and seemingly contradictory effects reported for LTP induction in cortical sensory fields (e.g., V1, enhanced LTP: Inaba et al., 2009, Kojic et al., 1997,

• br The embryological and physiological roles

  2023-12-11

  

  The embryological and physiological roles of ATX ATX is a vital enzyme that is needed for early embryological development. ATX knockout (KO) (ENPP2−/−) embryos die in utero on average at day 9.5 with vascular and neural tube defects [30], [73], [74], [75]. In these mice, malformations in the alla

• br Results br Discussion Autophagy

  2023-12-11

  

  Results Discussion Autophagy is considered as an important process in physiological and pathological ovarian function. It is related mainly to follicular atresia and CL regression (for review see [20]). However, an involvement in luteal cell survival is also proposed [21], [22]. The present st

• AP was originally described as a heterodimer

  2023-12-11

  

  AP-1 was originally described as a heterodimer of the bZIP proteins c-Jun and c-Fos. The experiments described here showed that stimulation of TRPV1 channels induced the expression of both of these classical constituents of AP-1. The essential role of both proteins was analyzed in a series of experi

• Introduction Plant pathogenic fungi are major pathogens in a

  2023-12-11

  

  Introduction Plant pathogenic fungi are major pathogens in agricultural diseases and the cause of large crop losses worldwide. There are many kinds of plant pathogenic fungi, with various modes of action. For example, Botrytis cinerea (B. cinerea) is the disease pathogen in the economically importa

• br Experimental methods br Acknowledgments br Introduction L

  2023-12-11

  

  Experimental methods Acknowledgments Introduction Long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) at excitatory synapses are thought to underlie experience-dependent learning and memory. These synaptic plasticity mechanisms are best characterized at hippocampal CA1 synapses, whe

• Accumulating evidence indicates that experience dependent al

  2023-12-11

  

  Accumulating evidence indicates that experience-dependent alterations in glutamate transmission in the NAc, such as those produced by repeated exposure to cocaine, involve alterations in postsynaptic signaling mediated by AMPA-type receptors (Pierce and Wolf, 2013, Wolf and Ferrario, 2010). In the N

• br Effects of BCAAs on glucose metabolism Insulin plays

  2023-12-11

  

  Effects of BCAAs on glucose metabolism Insulin plays an exclusive role in regulation of glucose metabolism, and obesity and type 2 diabetes induce hyperinsulinemia due to insulin resistance. Plasma BCAA concentrations are increased by 14–20% in patients with hyperinsulinemia under overnight fasti

• br Introduction Several studies have found that hypothalamic

  2023-12-11

  

  Introduction Several studies have found that hypothalamic Akt-mediated signaling pathways play critical roles in the regulation of food intake and Pentamidine australia metabolism in mammals [[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]]. Central injections of the inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3- kinases (PI3 K,

• br Author contributions br Acknowledgements We

  2023-12-11

  

  Author contributions Acknowledgements We thank Dr. Bob Hammer and the Transgenic Core Facility at UTSW for the generation of the transgenic lines, John Shelton and the Histology Core for assistance with histology and the UTSW Metabolic Core Unit for help in phenotyping. We acknowledge support

• In fact serotonin is a major modulator of dopaminergic DA

  2023-12-11

  

  In fact, serotonin is a major modulator of dopaminergic (DA) neuronal activity through the 5-HT2C receptor. Studies have shown that the selective 5-HT2C receptor agonist Ro60-0175 blocks the burst-firing of mesolimbic DA neurons, which project from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus acc

• Regarding A Rs and A ARs basal conditions

  2023-12-08

  

  Regarding A1Rs and A2ARs, basal conditions generate a low tone of endogenous adenosine and cause A1R activation, in contrast to situations of increased adenosine where A2AR activation becomes dominant. When adenosine concentrations rise, e.g. during hypoxia, also time appears likely important in reg

• It is well accepted that PKA is a key

  2023-12-08

  

  It is well accepted that PKA is a key enzyme activated at the beginning of the capacitation process [69]. As mentioned above phosphorylation/inactivation of cofilin in sperm is a PKA dependent process [58]. We could not see any change in cofilin phosphorylation level by adding the PKA activator 8Br-

• Molecular docking simulations were carried out for ligands i

  2023-12-08

  

  Molecular docking simulations were carried out for ligands – in the ACE crystal structure (1O86) and DPP4 crystal structure (2G5P). Comparison of the binding mode of – () with enalaprilat (a) in ACE shows that the phenethyl group (–, enalaprilat) occupies the S1 pocket and the adjacent carboxylic 91

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