• The ketone body receptor HCA

  2022-09-02

  

  The ketone body receptor HCA2 is most likely not active under normal conditions, since local levels and plasma levels of ketone bodies such as β-HB are too low to activate the receptor. However, overnight fasting or prolonged starvation results in plasma levels of the ketone body in the millimolar r

• br Acknowledgments This work was supported by the Slovak gra

  2022-09-01

  

  Acknowledgments This work was supported by the Slovak grant agency VEGA, Grant 2/0084/13. We would like to thank Dr. J. Bauer for careful reading of the manuscript. Introduction Glycine is an important neurotransmitter which regulates both Madecassic acid inhibitory neurotransmission and exci

• br Conclusion br Acknowledgments br Introduction The gyloxal

  2022-09-01

  

  Conclusion Acknowledgments Introduction The gyloxalase pathway is a well-conserved antioxidant defense system found in all cells of the body [1], [2], [3], [4]. The glyoxalase pathway facilitates the neutralization of highly reactive and oxidizing dicarbonyl molecules, with methylglyoxal (M

• br Conclusion br Conflict of interest statement

  2022-09-01

  

  Conclusion Conflict of interest statement References and recommended reading Papers of particular interest, published within the period of review, have been highlighted as Introduction Over the past decade, more than a hundred new biopharmaceutical products have been approved and market

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion l glutamat

  2022-09-01

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion l-glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, and is functionally involved in many processes of the nervous system which have been connected with several neurological diseases [4]. These conditions are characterized by the time-d

• br Acknowledgements br Introduction Glucagon

  2022-09-01

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction Glucagon, a 29-amino LB Agar Miller peptide, is released from the pancreatic islets, intestine and stomach. Glucagon is released under hypoglycemic conditions and then elevates blood glucose levels, serving as a major counter hormone [1]. The regulation of glucose

• In a previous paper we demonstrated immunohistochemically th

  2022-09-01

  

  In a previous paper, we demonstrated immunohistochemically the hyPerFUsion™ high-fidelity PCR Kit of GHSR-1a in acrosomes and peripheral region of spermatid heads as well as in acrosomes of the spermatids undergoing spermiation [19]. The present study was undertaken to demonstrate the GHSR-1a expres

• In terms of stimulation oxytocin dopamine noradrenaline adre

  2022-09-01

  

  In terms of stimulation, oxytocin, dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline and glucagon have all been reported to increase ghrelin secretion (Mundinger et al., 2006, Iwakura et al., 2011, de la Cour et al., 2007, Gagnon and Anini, 2013). Stimulatory effects on ghrelin secretion have also been observed w

• It must be noted that while

  2022-09-01

  

  It must be noted that while the accumulated evidence on molecular mechanisms has resulted in well-established experimental methods to externally act on single-cell characteristics and networks, safe and efficient external methods to modify multicellular states are still a matter of basic research. C

• A group of small molecule with a more promising

  2022-09-01

  

  A group of small molecule with a more promising therapeutic mechanism are known as γ-secretase modulators (GSMs), which modulate the cleavage activity of γ-secretase (and likely a host of other substrates) and specifically reduce the levels of the fibrillogenic Aβ42 peptide without altering the ε-si

• br Material and methods br Results and

  2022-09-01

  

  Material and methods Results and discussion Discussion It is well established that the guanosine-rich DNA sequences within telomeric DNA repeats, and in the promoter regions of a number of oncogenes or proto-oncogenes such as c-myc [20,23], VEGF [28,48,49] and Bcl-2 [21,50], can readily ass

• Bile acids BAs are critical for facilitating the absorption

  2022-09-01

  

  Bile acids (BAs) are critical for facilitating the geldanamycin of dietary lipids and lipid-soluble vitamins in the intestines [6], [7]. At physiological levels, BAs function as signaling molecules and activate specific nuclear receptors [farnesoid X receptor (FXR), pregnane X receptor, and vitamin

• Although drug monitoring is not usually requested there

  2022-09-01

  

  Although drug monitoring is not usually requested, there are some cases where measurement of DOACs in L-Mimosine is useful, and of special help for managing patients at risk. These cases include the control of adherence to a therapeutic protocol, surveillance of drug accumulation risk in long term t

• Histone modification is one of the major epigenetic mechanis

  2022-09-01

  

  Histone modification is one of the major epigenetic mechanisms.8, 10 Specific histone modifications confer active or repressive transcriptional states. For instance, the trimethylation of Histone3-Lysine27 (H3K27me3) is a marker of tightly packaged heterochromatin and is associated with gene repress

• A small number of patients had accessory

  2022-09-01

  

  A small number of patients (11%) had accessory integrase mutations (E157Q, G163R, L74IM, and/or V151I) that confer potential or low-level resistance and generally only when they occur in combination with other high/intermediate level resistance mutations. This is a somewhat higher incidence than tha

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